Born in Davao City, Philippines, Justice Antonio T. Carpio was sworn in as member of the Supreme Court on October 26, 2001.

Justice Carpio obtained his law degree from the College of Law of the University of the Philippines  where he graduated valedictorian and cum laude in 1975. He placed sixth in the 1975 Bar Examinations. He earned his undergraduate degree in Economics from Ateneo de Manila University in 1970.  In  his student days, Justice Carpio was Chairman of the Editorial Board of the Philippine Law Journal of the U.P. College of Law. He was Editor-in-Chief of The Guidon, the school paper of Ateneo de Manila University. He also served as Managing Editor of the Philippine Collegian, the school paper of the University of the Philippines.

Fresh out of law school, Justice Carpio went into private practice and founded the Carpio Villaraza and Cruz Law firm. He was a Professorial Lecturer of the U.P. College of Law from 1983 until 1992 when President Fidel Ramos appointed him Chief Presidential Legal Counsel, with cabinet rank.  As such he worked for major reforms in telecommunications, shipping, civil aviation, and insurance industries.

Justice Carpio  was a member of the Board of Regents of the University of the Philippines from 1993 to 1998.

In 2001, at the age of 52, he was one of the youngest appointees as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. Shortly after his appointment, he launched for the judiciary the Supreme Court e-library, the first full-text searchable and retrievable on-line law library in the Philippines and among the first in Asia.

To date, he has penned 836 full-blown decisions, leaving no backlog in his docket, a feat rarely attained by a Supreme Court magistrate.

For his “distinguished and exemplary service” to the Republic, Justice Carpio was awarded in 1998 the Presidential Medal of Merit by then President Fidel Ramos. In 1991, Justice Carpio received the Outstanding Achievement Award in Law from the Ateneo de Manila Alumni Association. In 2002, he was also the recipient of the Distinguished Alumnus Award from the Ateneo de Davao Alumni Association. In 2009, he was conferred a Doctorate of Laws, honoris causa, by the Ateneo de Davao University. In 2015, the U.P. Alumni Association named him Outstanding U.P. Alumni in Public International Law.

Justice Carpio has lectured extensively on the West Philippine Sea dispute in various local and international fora.

Presently, Justice Carpio is the  Chair of the Second Division and Chair of the Senate Electoral Tribunal.